San Clemente is not one, but three churches constructed one above the other, resting on the remains of earlier Roman habitations.



This drawing shows three of the four levels of the San Clemnte complex: on the bottom is the titulus (itself built over a more ancient apartment house not shown),
in the middle the original church,
and on top the church commissioned by Paschal II.


Titulus Clemens
(Titular churches in early Rome were so-called after original title holders whose private homes had been used for Christian worship.)
This house was oiginally owned by Roman consul and martyr Titus Flavius Clemens who was one of the first among Roman nobility to convert to Christianity.

Church built here centuries later was named after Pope St. Clement I.


Mithraic temple from 2nd century A.D.

Mithraism, introduced to Rome during the time of Pompey (67 B.C.), became popular among the Roman legions in Asia Minor ad spread rapidly throughout the Empire, reaching its peak in the late second century, when even the Emperor Commodus converted. The cult was finally banned in the late fourth century.



What was probably the altar has a classical bas-relief portraying Mithra in his Phrygian cap, plagging his dagger into bull. The bull was thought to give birth to all living things, and Mithra, its slayer, was worshipped as a creative force.



picture above shows Mithraic schoolroom

Beautiful drawings, pictures and info. Thank you !

Too bad I only visited the upper Basilica . I was so taken by the beauty of that unique church, that I spent hours there and never made it to the lower levels. Shame on me !
But I'll be back ...

Must be wonderful to visit Rome with a person like you ,who knows what is talking about. I have a sister with your background and is always a treat to listen to her.

That's the problem with Rome. There's so much to see, that you'll miss something for sure.
I went to see excavations. It is forbidden to make pictures there (of course), and I didn't remember much. Now when I am checking in my art books, I realize how much I missed myself. I was walking there, but I didn't know what to see and what was what. Next time I have to be prepared!